1. Core:
   • The core is made of laminated silicon steel and serves as the magnetic path for the transformer. It reduces energy losses due to eddy currents and hysteresis, ensuring efficient energy transfer between the primary and secondary windings.
2. Windings:
   • Transformers have two sets of windings: the primary winding (input) and the secondary winding (output). These are typically made of copper or aluminum and are insulated from each other and the core. The number of turns in each winding determines the voltage transformation ratio.
3. Insulation:
   • Insulating materials are used to prevent electrical shorts between the windings and the core. This is critical for the safe operation of the transformer.
4. Transformer Oil:
   • This oil serves as both an insulator and a coolant, dissipating heat generated during operation. It also helps to protect the internal components from moisture and contaminants.
5. Cooling Systems:
   • Larger transformers often include cooling arrangements such as radiators, fans, and conservator tanks to manage heat effectively and maintain optimal operating temperatures.
6. Tap Changer:
   • This component allows for voltage adjustment by changing the number of turns in the winding, enabling the transformer to adapt to varying load conditions.
7. Buchholz Relay:
   • A safety device that detects gas accumulation and oil flow issues, providing protection against faults within the transformer.
8. Breather:
   • This component allows for the expansion and contraction of air within the transformer tank, preventing moisture ingress and maintaining oil quality.
9. Explosion Vent:
   • A safety feature designed to release pressure in case of an internal fault, preventing catastrophic failure.

These components work together to ensure that transformers operate efficiently and safely, facilitating the transfer of electrical energy between circuits while minimizing losses and maintaining performance under various conditions. Understanding these parts is essential for anyone involved in the design, operation, or maintenance of electrical systems.

A transformer in electrical engineering is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It can either increase (step up) or decrease (step down) the voltage of the electrical energy being transferred.