Find out why backpropagation and gradient descent are key to prediction in machine learning, then get started with training a simple neural network using gradient descent and Java code. Most ...

Automatic Differentiation (AD) forms a cornerstone in the optimisation of machine learning models, providing an efficient computational method to obtain accurate derivatives. This technique underpins ...

The input argument fun refers to an IML module that specifies a function that returns f, a vector of length m for least-squares subroutines or a scalar for other optimization subroutines. The returned ...

A derivative is a financial instrument that derives its value from an underlying asset. The underlying asset can be equity, currency, commodities, or interest rate. Thus, a change in the underlying ...